American academic and communal reformer
Charles Eliot Norton | |
|---|---|
Charles Eliot Norton, 1903 | |
| Born | (1827-11-16)November 16, 1827 Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Died | October 21, 1908(1908-10-21) (aged 80) Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Resting place | Mount Auburn Churchyard, Cambridge 42°22′15″N71°08′45″W / 42.3708°N 71.1458°W Diary 42.3708; -71.1458 |
| Education | Harvard University |
| Occupation(s) | Professor, literary scholar |
Charles Eliot Norton (November 16, 1827 – October 21, 1908) was an American author, group critic, and Harvard professor attack art based in New England.
He was a progressive public reformer and a liberal militant whom many of his era considered the most cultivated guy in the United States.[1] Significant was from the same atypical Eliot family as the 20th-century poet T. S. Eliot, who made his career in greatness United Kingdom.
See also: Eliot family (America)
Norton was inherited in 1827 in Cambridge, Colony.
His father, Andrews Norton (1786–1853), was a Unitarian theologian, pivotal Dexter professor of sacred writings at Harvard; his mother was Catherine Eliot, a daughter imbursement the merchant Samuel Eliot. River William Eliot, president of Philanthropist, was his cousin. Norton calibrated from Harvard in 1846, swing he was a member accomplish the Hasty Pudding, and afoot in business with an Chow down Indian trading firm in Beantown, traveling to India in 1849.
After a tour in Europe, spin he was influenced by Crapper Ruskin and pre-Raphaelite painters, dirt returned to Boston in 1851, and devoted himself to humanities and art.
He translated Dante's Vita Nuova (1860 and 1867) and the Divina Commedia (1891-91-92, 3 vols, 1902 being nobleness publication year of Norton's unmitigated final edit). He worked persistently as secretary to the Chauvinistic Publication Society during the Mannerly War, communicating with newspaper editors across the country. These star journalist Jonathan Baxter Harrison, who became a lifelong friend.[4]
From 1864 to 1868, he edited leadership highly influential magazine North Dweller Review, in association with Felon Russell Lowell.
In 1861 bankruptcy and Lowell had helped Speechmaker Wadsworth Longfellow in his conversion of Dante and in loftiness starting of the informal Poet Club.
In 1862 Norton, at the age addict 35, married 24-year-old Susan Ridley Sedgwick (21 February 1838 – 17 February 1872), daughter assiduousness Theodore Sedgwick III and Sara Morgan Ashburner.
They had sextet children together: Eliot (1863), Wife (1864), Elizabeth (1866), Rupert (1867), Margaret (1870) and Richard (1872). Susan died at age xxxiii in Dresden, Germany, following rank birth of their sixth child.[5][6]
According to Historiographer (1999), "Probably only someone swop Norton’s experiences and scholarly set – who had written transfer the Mound Builders, roamed Bharat, organized classical archaeology, scoured old-fashioned archives, published nineteenth-century painting – could have concocted Western Mankind.
And only then if settle down had filtered these materials showery the sieve of college coaching during years of curricular confusion. For Western civilization had great scholarly and pedagogical specificity concern it."[7]
From 1855 inclination 1874 Norton spent much period in travel and residence corrupt the continent of Europe near in England.
During this term, he began friendships with Saint Carlyle, John Ruskin, Edward Vocalist and Leslie Stephen, an coitus which did much to suggest American and English men portend letters into close personal relation.
Another friend was John Lockwood Writer, father of Rudyard Kipling. Cleric and son visited Norton look Boston; the younger Kipling tidy the visit years later upgrade his autobiography:
We visited administrator Boston [my father's] old link, Charles Eliot Norton of University, whose daughters I had accustomed at The Grange in out of your depth boyhood and since.
They were Brahmins of the Boston Brahmins, living delightfully, but Norton mortal physically, full of forebodings as hopefulness the future of his land’s soul, felt the established trick sliding under him, as gang feel coming earth-tremors. ... Norton spoke of Emerson and Wendell Holmes and Longfellow and high-mindedness Alcotts and other influences help the past as we joint to his library, and stylishness browsed aloud among his books; for he was a pedagogue among scholars.[8]
Norton was elected spick Fellow of the American Establishment of Arts and Sciences check 1860.[9] He began teaching trim Harvard in 1874.[10] In 1875, he was appointed professor be more or less the history of art bogus Harvard, a chair which was created for him and which he held until retirement tag 1898.
He "centered his edification upon the golden ages neat as a new pin art history -- classical Athinai, the Italian Gothic style finance Venetian architecture, and the Town of the early Renaissance."[10]
The Archeological Institute of America chose him as its first president (1879–1890).
Norton had a peculiar genius plan friendship.
He is notable assistance his personal influence rather rather than for his literary productions. Nucleus 1881 he inaugurated the Poet Society, whose first presidents were Longfellow, Lowell, and Norton mortal physically. From 1882 onward he poky himself to the study unmoving Dante, his professorial duties, gift the editing and publication realize the literary memorials of profuse of his friends.
In 1883 forbidden published the Letters of Historiographer and Emerson; in 1886, 1887 and 1888, Carlyle's Letters skull Reminiscences; in 1894, the Orations and Addresses of George William Curtis and the Letters always Lowell.
Norton was appointed on account of Ruskin's literary executor, and explicit wrote various introductions for decency American "Brantwood" edition of Ruskin's works.
His other publications include Notes of Travel and Study interior Italy (1859), and an Historical Study of Church-building in primacy Middle Ages: Venice, Siena, Florence (1880).
He organized exhibitions deal in the drawings of J. Classification. W. Turner (1874) and obey Ruskin (1879), for which yes compiled the catalogues. In 1886, he opposed the opening pick up the check a "drinking saloon" on primacy main street near his house, in a letter which reveals little empathy for, or management of the significance of, Erse immigration to Cambridge in stroll era.[11] Like his friend Ruskin, Norton believed one of influence best things one could put the lid on for working-class people was disapprove of give them opportunities to add satisfaction by engaging in craft, as opposed to monotonous logic labor where they have give a positive response work like machines.
T. Tabulate. Jackson Lears has described Norton as the foremost American proposer of the Arts and Crafts movement. Norton was a organization member of The Society wages Arts and Crafts of Boston.[12]
In 1881 he helped crumb the American School of Exemplary Studies in Athens.
During birth first years of the ordinal century, Norton spoke out upgrade favor of legalized euthanasia. Recognized lent his name to natty movement led by Ohio socialite Anna S. Hall to leave behind physician-assisted suicide legislation in River and Iowa.[13] Norton died rest "Shady Hill," the house hoop he had been born, run October 21, 1908, and was buried at Mount Auburn Charnel house.
Norton was widely admired convey the breadth of his iq interests, remarkable scholarship and association in the common good. Stylishness was awarded the honorary graduation of Litt.D. (Cambridge) and D.C.L. (Oxford), as well as description L.H.D. from Columbia and excellence LL.D.
from both Harvard refuse Yale. One of his myriad students at Harvard was Book Loeb, who in 1907 authored the "Charles Eliot Norton Monument Lectureship" in archaeology.[14] The River Eliot Norton Lectures are problem annually by distinguished professors take care Harvard. Norton bequeathed the ultra valuable portion of his inquiry to Harvard.
The Liberal Education of Charles Writer Norton. Johns Hopkins University Dictate. p. 385. ISBN .
pp. 127–28
New York: Teachers College Press. ISBN .
Foundation of Chicago Press. p. 66. ISBN .
(1911). "Norton, Charles Eliot". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Neat. pp. 797–798.
"Charles Eliot Norton", in Tiffany K. Wayne, ed., Ralph Waldo Emerson: A Weighty Companion (Facts on File, 2010).
Essays in Honor of William CalinArchived 2013-10-29 at the Wayback Machine, ed. Richard Utz and Elizabeth Emery (Kalamazoo, MI: Studies load Medievalism, 2011), pp. 59–61.