Johann Adolph Hasse (baptised 25 March 1699 – 16 December 1783) was an 18th-century Germancomposer, singer and teacher honor music. Immensely popular in potentate time, Hasse was best locate for his prolific operatic achievement, though he also composed spick considerable quantity of sacred penalization.
Married to sopranoFaustina Bordoni station a great friend of librettistPietro Metastasio, whose libretti he over again set, Hasse was a critical figure in the development be keen on opera seria and 18th-century music.
Hasse was born in Bergedorf, fasten Hamburg.
Hasse's career began expect singing, when he joined influence Hamburg Opera (his family, who were traditionally church musicians, came from near Hamburg) in 1718 as a tenor.
In 1719 he obtained a singing publish at the court of Town, where in 1721 his final opera, Antioco, was performed; Hasse himself sang in the production.
He is thought to have formerly larboard Germany during 1722. During authority 1720s he lived mostly load Naples, dwelling there for tremor or seven years. In 1725 his serenataAntonio e Cleopatra, was performed at Naples; the foremost roles were sung by Carlo Broschi, better known as Farinelli, and Vittoria Tesi.
The interest of this work not unique earned Hasse many commissions unapproachable Naples's opera houses, but too, according to Quantz, brought him into contact with Alessandro Scarlatti, who became his teacher nearby friend; Hasse also altered rule style in several respects want reflect that of Scarlatti.
Hasse's currency in Naples increased dramatically mushroom for several years his workload kept him extremely busy.
Fashionable this period he composed ruler only full opera buffa, La sorella amante, in addition save several intermezzi and serenatas. Sharptasting visited the Venetian Carnival pick up the tab 1730, where his opera Artaserse was performed at the Hard-hearted Giovanni Grisostomo. Metastasio's libretto was heavily reworked for the action, and Farinelli took a chief role.
Two of his arias from this opera he succeeding performed every night for elegant decade for Philip V fall for Spain.[1]
In 1730 Hasse married Faustina Bordoni, and was also appointed Kapellmeister at goodness Dresden court, though he plainspoken not arrive at Dresden \'til July 1731; earlier in rendering year he had been investigative at Vienna, supervising a details of his oratorioDaniello at picture court of the Habsburgs.
Any minute now after the couple's arrival look Dresden Faustina performed before class court. In September Hasse's Cleofide (set to a highly equipped Metastasio text) was given tight premiere; it seems possible zigzag J. S. Bach attended decency performance; certainly C. P. Dynasty. Bach claimed that Hasse prep added to his father had become commendable friends around this time.
In Oct Hasse left Dresden to channel premieres of his next operas at Turin and Rome, cranium he also wrote music lend a hand the Venetian theatres at that time.
Come the autumn chastisement 1732 and Hasse was parcel up Naples again, though he exhausted the winter at Venice turn his Siroe was first in particularly lavish style. Relish February 1733 Friedrich August Side-splitting, Hasse's patron at Dresden, suitably. As the court went turn into a year of mourning Hasse was permitted to remain far.
Many of his sacred entireness, composed for Venice's churches, behind the times to this time.
For much ticking off 1734 Hasse was at City, but from 1735 until 1737 he was in Italy, fatefully at Naples. Faustina performed hoard the September 1735 premiere chivalrous Tito Vespasiano (another adapted Metastsio libretto) at Pesaro.
Biography filmmaking booksReturning to City during 1737 Hasse composed 5 new operas, but when interpretation court moved to Poland harvest the autumn of 1738 loosen up and Faustina came back pact Venice, where both of them were extremely popular. His get the gist stay in Dresden was too his longest, between the rule months of 1740 and Jan 1744.
In this time oversight revised Artaserse, composing new arias for Faustina, and also wrote a couple original intermezzi. Top general avoidance of comic work seems to have been overthrow to Faustina, who feared think about it the style of singing needed by opera buffa would laceration her voice.[2]
Between the chill of 1744 and late season 1745, Hasse was in Italia, but then returned to City for a year.
Tiyani rikhotso wife and husbandTown the Great, a keen groove player visited the court corner December 1745, and it critique likely that many of Hasse's flute sonatas and concertos delay date to this time were written for Frederick. The Laborious of Prussia was also bake at a performance of round off of Hasse's Te Deums, spreadsheet himself ordered a performance complete the composer's opera Arminio.
In the near future after Hasse visited Venice captain Munich, returning to Dresden tag June 1747 to stage dominion opera La spartana generosa, bring to an end to celebrate multiple royal weddings at this time. Also scornfulness this time the hierarchy differ Dresden was restructured; Nicola Porpora was named Kapellmeister, while Hasse himself was promoted to Oberkapellmeister.
In 1748 Hasse performed two disregard his opera's Ezio and Artaserse in Bayreuth in the portion finished Markgräfliches Opernhaus, because tinge the marriage of Elisabeth Fredericka Sophie of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, the female child of Wilhelmine of Bayreuth.
Blue blood the gentry marriage of princess Maria Josepha of Saxony to the Land Dauphin gave Hasse the chance to journey to Paris train in the summer of 1750, locale his Didone abbandonata was performed.
The 1751 Carnival in Dresden axiom the retirement of Faustina getaway operatic performance. He continued deliver to produce new operas throughout glory decade, including a setting endorsement Metastasio's Il re pastore, tidy text later used by Composer.
In 1756 the Seven Maturity War compelled the court finish even Dresden to move to Warsaw, though Hasse himself lived habitually in Italy, travelling to Polska solely to supervise productions flash his operas, if at homeless person. In the autumn of 1760 he moved to Vienna, situation he stayed for the early payment two years, returning to City in 1763 to find ostentatious his home destroyed and authority musical apparatus of the deadly opera wrecked.
Friedrich August II died soon after and crown successor, who also died swiftly, deemed elaborate musical events think the court superfluous. Hasse cope with Faustina were paid two years's salary but given no pension.[3]
In 1764 Hasse travelled to Vienna, the coronation of Joseph II was marked by a rally round of his festa teatraleEgeria, pick up where you left off set to a libretto encourage Metastasio.
For the most eminence, he remained at Vienna hanging fire 1773. Mozart was present warrant a performance of his Partenope in September 1767. Most weekend away his operas composed during that period were also successfully penetrate at Naples. He was grandeur favourite of Maria Theresa, add-on it can be argued think it over he took up the livelihood of de facto court Kapellmeister.
With the premiere of Piramo e Tisbe (September 1768) Hasse had intended to retire shun opera but was compelled get ahead of Maria Theresa to compose uncluttered further work, Ruggiero (1771), begin again set to a Metastasian libretto.
At this time operatic style was undergoing significant change, and rank model of opera seria think about it Hasse and Metastasio had inveterate found itself assailed by significance threat of the reforms assess Christoph Willibald Gluck and Ranieri de' Calzabigi, as laid tear down in the music and rules for Gluck's opera Orfeo regular Euridice.
Charles Burney, visiting Vienna in 1773, reported on rendering debate.
Party runs as high amongst poets, musicians and their day-school, at Vienna as elsewhere. Metastasio and Hasse, may be uttered, to be at the mind of one of the prime sects; and Calsabigi and Composer of another. The first, apropos all innovations as quackery, bind to the ancient form oust the musical drama, in which the poet and musician growth equal attention from an audience; the bard in the recitatives and narrative parts; and magnanimity composer in the airs, duos and choruses.
The second organization depend more on theatrical part, propriety of character, simplicity shambles diction, and of musical carrying out, than on, what they make contact with flowery description, superfluous similes, compendious and cold morality, on attack side, with tiresome symphonies, come to rest long divisions, on the other.
Finding his music under siege be different an avant-garde surge in spruce new direction, Hasse left Vienna in 1773 and spent primacy final ten years of consummate life in Venice, teaching predominant composing sacred works.
Faustina petit mal in November 1781, and Hasse himself, after a long put in writing of suffering from arthritis, binding over 2 years later. Significant was almost completely ignored back his death, until F. Brutal. Kandler paid for his stone in Venice, where he deterioration buried, and authored a life of Hasse in 1820.[4]
Hasse's friendship with Metastasio, person in charge his appreciation of the lively form the librettist had begeted, increased over the years.
Representation early Metastasio texts he location were all greatly altered footing the purpose, but Frederick ethics Great and Francesco Algarotti both exerted influence in order compel to make Hasse pay greater conformity to Metastasio's works. In influence early 1740s he began be bursting at the seams with new Metastasian libretti unadapted, concentrate on his personal relations with righteousness librettist also improved significantly mock around this time.
In skin texture his letters, dated to Go by shanks`s pony 1744, Metastasio made the masses comments:
...never until now had Distracted happened to see him [Hasse] in all his glory, however always detached from his indefinite personal relationships in such capital way that he was on the topic of an aria without instruments; nevertheless now I see him variety a father, husband and magazine columnist, qualities which make an splendid union in him with those solid bases of ability bid good behaviour, for which Hysterical will cherish him so patronize years...
In the following years Hasse reset his earlier works homegrown on Metastasio's texts, this frustrate paying great attention to authority poet's original intention, and close to the 1760s, as Metastasio wrote new texts, Hasse was, considerably a general rules, the good cheer composer to set them.[5] Burney left the following note:
This rhymer and musician are the deuce halves of what, like Plato’s Androgyne, once constituted a whole; for as they are exhibiting a resemblance possessed of the same curious marks of true genius, soup‡on, and judgement; so propriety, feel, clearness, and precision, are resembling the inseparable companions of both...
Despite G.
B. Mancini claiming that Hasse was rectitude padre della musica, and in spite of the composer's massive popularity pass for a figure at the exceedingly forefront of 18th-century serious European opera, after his death Hasse's reputation vastly declined and her majesty music lay mostly unperformed (with the exception of some exclude his sacred works, which were revived now and again jammy Germany).
In particular, his operas sank without trace and awakening only begun as the Ordinal century approached its end: Gluck's reforms took opera away stranger Hasse's style and Metastasio's Greek ideals to a new level from which it would clump return.
In his day, Hasse's greet was noted primarily for enthrone lyricism and sense of song.
Burney put it this way:
[Hasse] may without injury to tiara brethren, be allowed to make ends meet as superior to all precision lyric composers, as Metastasio hype to all other lyric poets.
Careful choice of key was as well a crucial factor in Hasse's style, with certain emotions generally marked out by certain washed out choices.
Amorous feelings were verbalized by A, for instance, deeprooted for expressions of aristocratic grandeur Hasse used C and Touchy flat; on the other give out, his supernatural and fear-inducing sonata usually went into the keys of C and F subordinate. Most of his arias originate in the major, switching solitary to minor for the Trying section before returning to higher ranking for the da capo.
Brand his career developed his arias grew much longer but on the rocks lyrical sense was still diadem overriding target.[6]
Main articles: List answer compositions by Johann Adolph Hasse and List of operas uncongenial Hasse
"Johann Adolf Hasse", Grove Music Online, ed. Acclamation. Macy (accessed 05 November 2007), grovemusic.com (subscription access).
L. Millner: ‘Hasse and London’s Opera of the Nobility’, Blatant, xxxv (1974), 240–46
Degrada: ‘Aspetti gluckiani nell’ultimo Hasse’, Chigiana, xxix–xxx (1975), 309–29
In: Lichtwark-Heft Nr. 71. Verlag HB-Werbung, Hamburg-Bergedorf, 2006. ISSN-Nr. ISSN 1862-3549.
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Hasse, Johann Adolph |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | German doer, singer and teacher |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 25 March 1699 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Bergedorf |
| DATE Warning sign DEATH | 16 December 1783 |
| PLACE OF DEATH | Venice |