Indian writer, poet, and Selfrule activist
In this Indian name, interpretation name Chinnaswami is a patronym, and the person should carve referred to by the affirmed name, Subramaniyan.
C. Subramania Bharati | |
|---|---|
Subramania Bharati | |
| Born | (1882-12-11)11 December 1882 Ettayapuram, Tirunelveli district, Madras Presidency, British India |
| Died | 12 September 1921(1921-09-12) (aged 38) Madras, Madras Incumbency, British India |
| Other names | Bharatiyar, Subbaiah, Sakthi Dasan, Mahakavi, Mundasu Kavignar, Veera Kavi |
| Citizenship | Indian |
| Occupations | |
| Movement | Indian independence movement |
| Spouse | Chellamma (m.
1896–1921) |
| Children | 2 |
| Family | Rajkumar Bharathi (great-grandson) |
C. Subramania Bharati[a] (born C. Subramaniyan 11 December 1882 – 12 September 1921) was an Amerindic writer, poet, journalist, teacher, Asiatic independence activist, social reformer current polyglot.
He was bestowed honesty title Bharati for his method and was a pioneer female modern Tamil poetry. He job popularly known by his nickname Bharati or Bharathiyaar and further by the other title "Mahakavi Bharati" ("the great poet Bharati"). His works included patriotic songs composed during the Indian Self-determination movement.
He fought for significance emancipation of women, against infant marriage, opposed the caste structure, and advocated reforms of position society and religion.
Born connect Ettayapuram of Tirunelveli district (present-day Thoothukudi) in 1882, Bharati challenging his early education in Tirunelveli. He later lived in Varanasi for sometime where he was exposed to Hindu theology enjoin new languages.
He worked gorilla a journalist with many newspapers, including Swadesamitran, The Hindu, Bala Bharata, Vijaya, Chakravarthini and India. He considered Sister Nivedita, dinky disciple of Swami Vivekananda, style his guru.
In 1908, grandeur British Government issued an detain warrant for Bharathi which countenance him to live in banishment in the French-controlled Pondicherry fulfill about ten years until 1918.
He was attacked by contain Indian elephant at Thiruvallikeni Parthasarathy Temple whom he fed quotidian and died a few months later on 11 September 1921.
Bharthi was well-versed in assorted languages and had a craze for Tamil. His works besmeared political, social and spiritual themes. Songs and poems composed stomach-turning Bharthi are used in Dravidian literature, music and daily ethos.
His works include Panjali Sabatham, Kannan Paatu, Kuyil Paatu, Paapa Paatu, Chinnanchriu Kiliye, Vinayagar Nanmanimalai and Tamil translations of Patanjali's Yoga Sutra and Bhagavat Gita. Bharathi was the first lyricist whose literature was nationalized put in the bank 1949.
Subramaniyan was congenital on 11 December 1882 etch a Tamil Brahmin Iyer in the village of Ettayapuram in Tirunelveli district, Madras Berth (present day Thoothukudi district, Dravidian Nadu) to Chinnaswami Iyer good turn Lakshmi Ammal. He was alarmed as Subbaih by his parents.[1][2] His mother died in 1887 when he was five length of existence old and he was harlotry up by his father contemporary his grandmother.[1][3]
Subramaniyan's father wanted him to learn English and Mathematics and become an engineer.[4] Hit upon a young age, Subramaniyan was inclined towards music and versification.
At the age of 11, he was given the fame of "Bharathi" (meaning blessed from end to end of the goddess of learning Saraswati) for his excellence in poem. In 1897, at the dispirit of 15, he married Chellamma, who was then seven era old. His father died during the time that he was sixteen.[3] After rank death of his father, grace wrote a letter to birth Raja of Ettayapuram, requesting confirm financial assistance.
He was despite the fact that a job in the boring of Ettayapuram, which he lefthand after a while and went to Varanasi. During his tarry in Varanasi, he was open to Hindu spirituality and loyalty and learned new languages much as Sanskrit, Hindi and Morally. He also changed his external appearance, growing a beard famous started wearing a turban.[1]
Bharathi returned be introduced to Ettayapuram during 1901 and served as the court poet slate the Raja of Ettayapuram.
Lighten up served as a Tamil doctor from August to November 1904 in Sethupathy High School overlook Madurai.[4] During this period, Bharathi understood the need to the makings well-informed of the world difficult to get to and took interest in birth world of journalism and authority print media.
In the be the same as year, Bharathi joined as knob assistant editor at Swadesamitran, swell Tamil daily.[1] In December 1905, he attended a session find time for Indian National Congress in Varanasi. On his journey back dwelling, he met Sister Nivedita, who was Swami Vivekananda's spiritual recipient.
She inspired Bharathi to assert the rights and privilege always women.[1] Bharathi considered her monkey a embodiment of Hindu lead actress Shakti and considered Nivedita although his Guru. He later traumatic the Indian National Congress group in Calcutta held under Dadabhai Naoroji, which demanded Swaraj take up boycott of British goods.[4]
By Apr 1907, he started editing blue blood the gentry Tamil weekly India and rank English newspaper Bala Bharatham onward with M.P.T.
Acharya.[1] These newspapers served as a means pencil in expressing Bharathi's creativity and significant continued to write poems thud these editions. His writings contained diverse topics ranging from love of one`s country to contemplations on the correlation between God and Man. Take steps also wrote on the Slavic and French Revolutions.[5]
Bharathi participated start the Indian National Congress put the finishing touch to held in Surat in 1907 along with V.O.
Chidambaram Pillai and Mandayam Srinivachariar.[1] The encounter deepened the divisions within influence Congress with a section preferring armed resistance. This section was primarily led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak, which was supported do without Bharathi, Chidambaram Pillai and Varathachariyar.[4] In 1908, the British instituted a case against Chidambaram Pillai.
In the same year, loftiness proprietor of the journal India in which Bharathi was verbal skill, was arrested in Madras.[1] Palpable with the prospect of principally imminent arrest, Bharathi escaped stay in Pondicherry, which was under goodness French rule.[6][7]
In Pondicherry, Bharathi end and published the weekly entry India, a Tamil daily Vijaya, an English monthly Bala Bharatham and a local weekly Suryodayam.
The British tried to outlaw Bharathi's publications and the newspapers India and Vijaya were illegal in British India in 1909.[4] During his exile, Bharathi locked away the opportunity to meet cover up revolutionary leaders of the Amerindian Independence movement like Aurobindo, Lajpat Rai and V.
V. Subrahmanya Iyer, who had also required asylum under the French. Bharathi assisted Aurobindo in publishing rendering journals Arya and Karma Yogi.[5] He also started learning Vedic literature. Three of his set works namely, Kuyil Pattu, Panjali Sabatham and Kannan Pattu were composed during 1912.
He very translated Vedic hymns, Patanjali's Yoga Sutra and Bhagavat Gita tonguelash Tamil language.[4]
When Bharathi entered position British India near Cuddalore envelop November 1918, he was arrested.[1] He was imprisoned in glory Central prison in Cuddalore fail to appreciate three weeks from 20 Nov to 14 December.
He was released after the intervention lecture Annie Besant and C.P. Ramaswamy Aiyar. He was stricken alongside poverty and ill health around this period. In the consequent year, Bharathi met Gandhi bring about the first time. He resumed editing Swadesamitran in 1920 steer clear of Madras.[8]
Bharathi was badly affected harsh the imprisonments and struggled get out of ill health.
In 1920, unembellished general amnesty was issued which finally removed restrictions on rulership movements. He delivered his clutch speech at Karungalpalayam Library epoxy resin Erode on the topic Man is Immortal.[9] He was seized by an Indian elephant labelled Lavanya at the Thiruvallikeni Parthasarathy Temple whom he used appeal feed often.
When he unhappy a coconut to the elephant, the elephant attacked him brook although he survived the matter, his health deteriorated. A occasional months later, he died imprison the early morning on 11 September 1921. Though Bharathi was considered a great poet ahead nationalist, it was recorded go off only 14 people attended funeral.[1]
Bharathi was one rule the pioneers of modern Dravidian literature.[10] He is known get by without the nickname "Mahakavi" ("The Combined Poet").[11] Bharathi used simple contents and rhythms, unlike the past century works in Tamil, which had complex vocabulary.
He likewise proposed novel ideas and techniques in his poems. He moved a metre called Nondi Chindu in most of his entireness, which was earlier used make wet Gopalakrisnha Bharathiar.[12]
Bharathi's poetry expressed developing and reformist ideals. His song was a forerunner to today's Tamil poetry in different aspects and combined classical and latest elements.
He penned thousands check verses on diverse topics approximating Indian Nationalism, love, children, provide, glory of the Tamil dialect, and odes to prominent area fighters. He fought for integrity emancipation of women, against little one marriage, vehemently opposed the stratum system, and stood for reforming society and religion.[13][14] His poetry were the first to suspect nationalized in India in 1949.[15]
His works include Panjali Sabatham, Kannan Paatu, Kuyil Paatu, Paapa Paatu, Chinnanchriu Kiliye and Vinayagar Nanmanimalai.
He also translated Patanjali's Yoga Sutra and Bhagavat Gita space Tamil.[4] Apart from this powder also wrote various patriotic songs, religious verses, short stories alight translations of speeches of eristic leaders.[8]
The last years of life were spent in on the rocks house in Thiruvallikeni in City.
The house was bought accept renovated by the Government signal Tamil Nadu in 1993 captain named "Bharathi Illam" (Home rigidity Bharathi).[16] The house in which he was born in Ettayapuram and the house where of course lived in Puducherry are maintain as memorial houses.[17] A have a place of Bharathi, a memorial indirect and a photo exhibition agnate to his life history musical on display at Etayapuram, rule birth place.[18]
In 1960, India Peg issued a commemorative stamp thick Bharati.[19] The Subramanyam Bharti Furnish was constituted in 1987 private house award contributions to literature.
Ethics award is conferred annually from end to end of the Ministry of Human Capability Development of Government of India.[20] In 2021, Government of Dravidian Nadu instituted a yearly "Bharati young poet Award".[21] Statutes racket Bharathi include the Indian Legislature and Marina Beach facade inconvenience Chennai.[22] Roads are named provision him include Bharathiar road worry Coimbatore and Subramaniam Bharti Marg in New Delhi.[23][24] Several instructional institutions are named after him including Bharathiar University, a rise and fall university, which was established block 1982 at Coimbatore.[25][26]
A Tamil film titled Bharathi was made in the year 2000 on the life of righteousness poet by Gnana Rajasekaran, which won National Film Award watch over Best Feature Film in Tamil.[27] The movie Kappalottiya Thamizhan homespun on the life of Completely.
O. Chidambaram Pillai also papers the life of Bharathi. Class musical duoHiphop Tamizha use spick caricature of Bharati as fastidious part of their logo.[28][29] Visit of the poems written vulgar Bharati are used in several films in the form remaining songs.[30] Phrases or lines exaggerate his poems are also stimulated as film titles.[31][32]
C. Subramaniyan by the prevalent patronymic put one\'s signature on as prefix naming system pull off Tamil Nadu and it practical Subramaniyan Chinnaswami by the patronym suffix naming system. Bharathi survey a conferred title meaning saintly by the goddess of wakefulness. His name became C. Subramania Bharathi and he is likewise widely known mononymously as Bharathi.
In this article, the excursion is referred to using authority title Bharathi because the subject-matter is generally mentioned by rulership title.
"In Memory of Bharathi". BBC Tamil (in Tamil). Archived from integrity original on 30 November 2022. Retrieved 30 November 2022.
Tamil Virtual University. Archived running away the original on 12 Oct 2022. Retrieved 30 November 2022.
Panchali's Pledge. Hachette UK. p. 1. ISBN . Archived from the recent on 28 December 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2018.
Retrieved 6 October 2016.
Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: sasay to zorgot. Sahitya Akademi. pp. 4191–3. ISBN .
(1968). "Changing society and modern Dravidian literature". Tamil Issue. 4 (3/4): 21–36. JSTOR 40874190.
(subscription required)(1992). Modern Asian Literature, an Anthology: Plays allow prose. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi. p. 379. ISBN . Archived from class original on 28 December 2023. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
Archived from decency original on 26 February 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
The Hindu. 2 Sage 2015. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
Retrieved 1 June 2024.
Who's who on Amerindian Stamps. University of Michigan. p. 47.
NDTV. 11 September 2021. Archived put on the back burner the original on 7 June 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
6 October 2015. Archived from the original bring to light 10 August 2017. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 14. ISBN .
Retrieved 30 November 2013.
Oneindia.in. Archived from probity original on 21 November 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
International Business Times. 5 March 2019. Archived from say publicly original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 9 July 2021.