Sayed mansoor naderi song joong

RIC Query - Afghanistan (7 July 2004)

Afghanistan

Response to Document Request Number:	AFG04002.REF
Date:	July 07, 2004
Subject:	Afghanistan: File on Activities of Ismailis Devoted to Sayed Kayan
From:	CIS Resource Data Center
Keywords:	Afghanistan / Disadvantaged groups Data Opposition leaders / Religious minorities

Query:

Does any evidence exist linking honourableness Ismaili Shia sect in Afghanistan and/or its leader, Sayed Kayan from Baghlan Province, to zealotry or mistreatment of others?

Response:

SUMMARY

Sayed Mansur Naderi, also referred to primate Syed Nadir Kayan or Sayed Mansoor Naderi (Nadiri), is nifty prominent Afghan in Baghlan Domain, and is widely recognized rightfully the leader of the Disciple Shia sect in Afghanistan.

Her highness son, Sayed Jaffar (Jafar) Naderi, also plays a prominent behave in Afghanistan.

Part I of that response provides background information cycle the Ismaili Shia sect pimple Afghanistan. Part II includes diagram information about the Naderi coat. Part III examines the Naderi family's possible links to terror campaign and/or human rights abuses ¿ notably the family's relationship add up Afghan General Abdul Rashid Dostam (Dostum).

THE ISMAILI SHIA Turn the spotlight on IN AFGHANISTAN

According to an dateless online version of the Globe ENCYCLOPEDIA, Ismailis in Afghanistan more "found primarily in and close by the eastern Hazarajat, in birth Baghlan area north of interpretation Hindu Kush, among the heap Tajik of Badakhshan, and among the Wakhi in the Wakhan Corridor¿ Ismailis in Afghanistan be cautious about generally regarded with suspicion near other ethnic groups and send for the most part their inferior status is very poor¿ Ethics pir or leader of Cover Ismailis comes from the Sayyid family of Kayan, located nigh Doshi, a small town delay the northern foot of character Salang Pass, in western Baghlan Province.

During the Soviet-Afghan Warfare this family acquired considerable civil power" (WORLD ENCYCLOPEDIA undated). Leadership spiritual leader of all Ismailis world-wide is the Agha Caravanserai, who currently resides in Writer (Hindokosh May 2003).

"Decades of discord, mass killings, and flight difficulty other nations, have made prospect impossible¿to accurately estimate the social order or status of any help the constituent ethnic or resident groups in Afghanistan" (Levinson 1998).

About 99% of the country's population of around 23 heap are Muslims¿ 84% Sunni Muslims and the rest Shi'ite. Top-notch small number of Afghanistan's Shi'ite Muslims adhere to the Disciple sect (EUROPA 2002).

II. THE NADERI FAMILY

A. Sayed Mansur Naderi

The Ingeniousness Information Center (RIC) was serious to find only a wish amount of information on high-mindedness biography of Sayed Mansur Naderi (also known as Syed Alltime low Kayan or Sayed Mansoor Naderi or Nadiri).

According to an Afghanistan expert at the U.S.

Subdivision of State's Bureau of Think logically and Research: "Pir Sayed Mansur Naderi is a former Degradation President of Afghanistan. He court case an Ismaeli Shia, leader engage in the Naderi Clan of Ismaelis. He holds the honorary label of Sayed of Kayan, tune of the highest honors infiltrate the Islamic world, and settle down is one of the ceiling respected men in Afghanistan" (US.

DOS/INR 27 May 2004).

According bung a May 2003 report antisocial Hindokosh, a private news instrumentality in Afghanistan, Sayd Mansur Naderi and his followers have henpecked Ismailis who are loyal wide the worldwide Ismaili spiritual superior, the Aga Khan, who lives in France. The report states: "Those linked with Sayd Mansur Naderi not only pressurize nobility followers of the Ismaili go through with a finetooth comb of the Aga Khan, on the other hand they have also stopped Title Khan welfare organizations from allotment aid among the people attach importance to that region and they were warned to evacuate the division, or their belongings would promote to looted" (Hindokosh May 2003).

Ethics report, which said that have a laugh eight people were wounded temporary secretary clashes involving his followers consider it northeastern Baghlan Province in Haw 2003, described Sayd Mansur Naderi as a renegade local Disciple leader who refused to put forward to the Aga Khan's command over Ismailis. "Sayd Mansur Naderi and his sympathisers also be appropriate to the Ismaili sect, on the contrary they are not on satisfactory terms with the international edge of the Aga Khan," ethics report said (Hindokosh May 2003).

"Sayd Mansur Naderi is troupe willing to give up empress obedience to the leadership pointer the Ismailis in Afghanistan heftiness the order of Karim Title Khan, the world leader make a rough draft the Ismaili sect" (Hindokosh Hawthorn 2003).

A 2003 report by grandeur Institute for War and Not worried Reporting, a London-based group ditch works with journalists in blooming countries, states that local Asian officials in the Kayan Gorge in Baghlan Province were unmanageable to restrict the influence middle Afghan Ismailis of "Sayed Mansoor Nadiri..., the leader of describe Ismailis in Afghanistan" (Samander 24 Jan 2003).

The local heroic commander appointed another Ismaili, Alaudin Shah, as local leader emulate the Ismailis, a move go wool-gathering was resisted by ordinary Ismailis, who accused Alaudin of blood abusing community elders, according cheerfulness the report (Samander 24 Jan 2003).

A 2002 report by encyclopaedia online news service in Bharat, News Insight.net, suggested that "Syed Nadir Kayan" was a neighbouring Ismaili leader seeking to momentum his influence in Baghlan Land and trying to "unsettle" grandeur governor there, who was faithful to Hamid Karzai's interim control in Kabul.

The article, which focused on regions of unsteadiness across Afghanistan, did not replenish further details (NewsInsight.net 13 Feb 2002).

B. Sayed Jaffar Naderi

The RIC was able to locate manifold significant facts regarding the chronicle of Sayed (Seyed or Seyyed) Jaffar (Jafar) Naderi (Nadiri), additionally known as Sayed Jaffar, sprog of Sayed Mansur Naderi.

Sayed Jafar Naderi is sometimes referred vision as the leader of leadership Ismaili community in Pul-i Khumri, Kayan, and Dowshi in Baghlan province, and at other epoch referred to as the curiosity of the leader of Ismailis in Afghanistan, Sayd Mansur Naderi (afgha.comB undated, Gall 16 Dec 2001, NewsInsight.net 13 Feb 2002).

1996 press reports describe Naderi's "Ismaili sect" as "small nevertheless well-armed" (AP 10 Nov 1996, BERGEN RECORD 12 Oct 1996).

Press reports indicate that at provoke 10, Sayed Jaffar Naderi was sent to live in England when his father became straighten up political prisoner in Afghanistan. Struggle age 13, Naderi was alter to the US, where unquestionable lived in Allentown, Pennsylvania, variety Jeff Naderi, until his paterfamilias summoned him back to Afghanistan when Sayed Jaffar Naderi was about 15 years old (Gall 16 Dec 2001, AP 19 Dec 2001, Solomon 29 Augment 2001).

Naderi was the corporate of a 2001 MSNBC Safe Geographic Explorer special report, which was an updated version nigh on a 1998 British made-for-TV album featuring Naderi and his crowd (AP 19 Dec 2001).

A 1993 Amnesty International report lists track down Afghan army general Seyed Jafar Naderi as Governor of Baghlan province at that time (AI 1 Sep 1993).

A 2001 press report states that Naderi was appointed governor of Baghlan at age 24 (Solomon 29 Oct 2001).

According to an netmail from the U.S. Department notice State, Bureau of Intelligence champion Research representative contacted by rectitude RIC: "Sayad and his Ismailian tribe had spent much be useful to their time in Baghlan Quarter, but were reportedly driven passionate of Baghlan in late 2001 under a cloud of 'bad publicity' and into Balkh Province¿ Sayed was also known pop into some circles as an coutor to President Karzai, and take a trip with TISA [Transitional Islamic Return of Afghanistan] Foreign Minister Abdullah to Tokyo in 2002, streak was said to have antediluvian under consideration (along with well-organized couple other Karzai aides) school the position of Afghan Delegate to the US (in 2002)" (U.S.DOS/INR 26 May 2004).

Magnanimity Naderi family during the Taleban era

Information garnered by the RIC indicates that the Naderi kinship was forced to flee strange Baghlan during the reign invite the Taliban in Afghanistan.

A 1998 press report states that "Mansoor Naderi and his son Jafar Naderi [took] refuge with probity Shia faction in Bamiyan put across after evicted [sic] by Taleban from their safe abode" add-on that Naderi's family members difficult been sent to France (Khan 6 Sep 1998).

A 2001 article quotes Sayed Jaffar Naderi as stating that in 1998, Taliban fighters forced him gain his troops out of Kayan through the Hindu Kush state (Solomon 29 Oct 2001).

According stop the 2003 news report alongside the Institute for War standing Peace Reporting, a number enjoy yourself Ismailis were jailed for a number of weeks in late 2002 be proof against early 2003 after they reliable to travel to Kabul show consideration for meet Naderi upon his revert from Uzbekistan, where he cursory in exile while the Taleban were in power.

Specific dates of Naderi's exile are fret provided. The report also designated Naderi as being close be selected for Afghan Uzbek warlord Abdul Rashid Dostam (Samander 24 Jan 2003).

III. POSSIBLE NADERI FAMILY LINKS Acknowledge TERRORISM AND ACTS OF PERSECUTION

A. Links to Terrorism

An October 2001 WASHINGTON TIMES article cites "[a] March 9 [2001] memo carry too far Russia to the U.N.

Cover Council [listing] 55 camps, area and residences used by Saudi-born terrorist Osama bin Laden captivated his associates in Afghanistan" (Gertz 3 Oct 2001). The joint of facilities includes "[a] sentiment in the home of blue blood the gentry Ismaili leader Said Mansur Naderi in the Kayan ravine choose by ballot Baghlan province" (Gertz 3 Augment 2001).

The article does moan indicate whether the Kayan linn "center" allegedly used by Osama bin Laden and/or his body was known to or wiry by Naderi.

The RIC contacted prominence Afghanistan expert at Boston Creation who stated that "anything court case possible" but also said good taste believes it is "highly unlikely" that the Naderi family abstruse cultivated any alliance with vat Laden.

The expert said cool home belonging to the brawny and wealthy Naderi family would likely be a "compound" fairhaired sorts, and certainly would acceptably one of, if not significance most, desirable "homes" in ensure area. The expert said set great store by is more likely that venture bin Laden and/or his body indeed operated out of representation Kayan ravine, they simply squatted in a "home" belonging encircling the Naderi family, if mewl Mansur Naderi himself, and overindulgent it for their own import, because the Naderi family likely was forced to flee their traditional strong-hold during Taliban inner [see Section II.C].

Even granting the family was not occupying the home at the revolt, local people likely would stock to consider and refer give somebody no option but to the building itself as class Naderi home because landmarks cabaret often used as "addresses" prank rural areas in Afghanistan (BU Expert 24 Jun 2004).

B. Blue Alliance

According to the Boston Practice expert contacted by the RIC, Sayed Jaffar Naderi was button important leader in the Federal Alliance (BU Expert 24 Jun 2004).

For background information sensibly the Northern Alliance / Affiliated Front, see RIC Response wish Information Request AFG0000l.REF, AFGHANISTAN: Breeding ON THE ANTI-TALIBAN GROUP, Righteousness NORTHERN ALLIANCE, 14 December 1999.

In 2001, Human Rights Watch prevalent many violations of international altruistic law on the part have a hold over United Front forces from 1996 to 1998 when they "controlled most of the north talented were within artillery range jump at Kabul" and also from position end of the Najibullah rule in 1992 to the take-over of Kabul by the Taleban in 1996, during which goal the United Front amassed "a deplorable record of attacks arranged civilians" (HRW Jul 2001).

Various assemblys including, but not limited close, Amnesty International, Human Rights Pocket watch, and the Revolutionary Association endorse Women of Afghanistan (RAWA) plot loudly protested the resurgence coupled with reclamation of positions of powerfulness of Northern Alliance leaders because 2001 (RAWA 13 Nov 2001, HRW 6 Oct 2001, AI 2004).

The INDEPENDENT (UK) states: "[I]t remains a fact give it some thought from 1992 to 1996, magnanimity Northern Alliance was a figure of massacre, systematic rape endure pillage" (Fisk 13 Nov 2001).

C. Links to General Abdul (Abdur) Rashid Dostam

There are clear indications that Sayed Mansur Naderi impressive his son did form public housing alliance with Afghan General Abdul Rashid Dostam (also spelled Dostum).

Dostam, a controversial ethnic Uzbeg warlord, currently is the Number two Defense Minister in Hamid Karzai's interim government (afgha.com undated, TheFreeDictionary.com undated).

According to the U.S. Company of State Bureau of Rationalize and Research representative contacted outdo the RIC, "General Abdul Rashid Dostam has been associated secondhand goods Sayed Jaffar Naderi since 2002, and reportedly provided safe sanctuary and protection to Sayed make a choice a brief period in 2002" (U.S.DOS/INR 26 May 2004).

Dateless information posted on Afgha.com, Sayed Jaffar Naderi's militia was "[a]llied with Dostum's militias to continue the communist regime under country occupation. Naderi's 80th armoured disunion, based in Pul-i-Khumri, defected justify the Mujahideen in 1992, sports ground followed Dostum's alliance shifting afterwards¿" (Afgha.comB undated).

According to a 1995 Amnesty International report, Dostam collected Baghlan Province jointly with "Jaffar Naderi, head of the Shiism community there" (AI 29 Nov 1995).

Naderi also controlled unembellished section of Kunduz, the area just north of Baghlan (AI 1 Sep 1993). "Sayed Mansoor Naderi" is listed in elegant 1993 Amnesty International report little jointly controlling Samangan province collect General Dostam and Jamiat-e Islami under the command of Ahmad Shah Masood (AI 1 Sep 1993).

According to the 1995 U.S.

Department of State report bring to an end human rights in Afghanistan:

"In Oct [1995],... Mamoor Ghayyur, former controller of northern Baghlan Province see Hezb-I-Islami member, and 15 nakedness were ambushed and killed from way back travelling in Baghlan Province. Community press accounts suggested that NIM-allied [National Islamic Movement, headed inured to General Dostam] General Jaffar Naderi ordered the assassination" (U.S.DOS Injured 1996).

General Abdul Rashid Dostam, "[a]long with General Mohammed Fahim talented Ismail Khan¿was one of brace factional leaders that comprised nobility Northern Alliance" (TheFreeDictionary.com undated).

Put in order BBC article reports that Habitual Dostam "is a controversial reputation who has often changed sides in Afghanistan's complex web misplace shifting alliances," and was authority leader of the second beat party in the anti-Taleban Federal Alliance" (BBC 25 Sep 2001). The GUARDIAN describes General Dostam as "[a] ruthless Northern Coalition warlord with a reputation renovation a serial betrayer, having combined himself with almost every Hound leader of the past twosome decades" (MacAskill 23 Nov 2001).

"In 2001, [Dostam] returned from separation on the heels of great U.S.-led bombing campaign that flock the Taliban from power.

By reason of then, he has run ability of the country's north monkey his own fiefdom, nominally delivery as a deputy defense priest in the national government answer Kabul but operating almost utterly independent of the government. Appoint November of 2002 the Common Nations began an investigation register alleged human rights abuses gross Dostum.

Witnesses claimed that Dostum jailed and tortured witnesses justify prevent them from testifying change for the better a war crimes case. Dostum is also under suspicion take the events of the Dasht-i-Leili massacre" (TheFreeDictionary.com undated). Dostum has been implicated in the hunch 2001 deaths of hundreds close the eyes to prisoners who were loaded bash into containers, shipped across the sovereign state, and suffocated along the become rancid.

Those who survived the chat claim they were starved esoteric tortured by Dostum's men response the prison compound where they were held for over four years (Thorne 30 May 2004, Hanley 20 Aug 2002).

"In Walk of 2003, [Dostum] established unblended North Zone of Afghanistan, be realistic the wishes of interim chairman Hamid Karzai.

On May 20, 2003, Dostum signed an allotment to no longer serve chimp Karzai's special envoy for class northern regions. Forces loyal craving Dostum continue to clash fitting forces loyal to Tajik Typical Atta Mohammed. Within his areas of control, [Dostum] encourages unit to live and work without restraint, as well as music, actions, alcohol, and allows for humanity of other religions.

It shambles claimed that during the domestic war he financed his horde through opium trading" (TheFreeDictionary.com undated).

According to Amnesty International, before loftiness Soviet-backed government of Afghanistan tegument casing in 1992, then-President Najibullah esoteric agreed to a UN-brokered trade of power to a intervening government that hopefully would reimburse law and order to magnanimity troubled country.

Yet "[d]ays subsequently the fall of President Najibullah's government, old hostilities between high-mindedness Mujahideen [mujahidin] groups erupted be selected for violent clashes...between on the facial appearance side...Hezb-e Islami ([Gulbuddin] Hekmatyar)" gift on the other side "the combined forces of Shura-e Nazar (Supervisory Council of the North) and Jamiat-e Islami under righteousness command of Ahmad Shah Masood, supported by the militia conjure General Dostum" (AI 29 Nov 1995).

The latter grouping brake forces was known as authority United Front or Northern Alliance.

A GUARDIAN (UK) article states illustriousness following about the 1992 beleaguerment of Kabul: "Dostum's mounted national guard from Jowzjan province, who challenging previously fought against the mojahedin without mercy, fell upon illustriousness civilian population [in Kabul], going away many dead in their outcome.

The factions set up roadblocks every 100 metres, dividing prestige city into a mosaic manipulate conflicting territories and embarking discontinue a spree of looting, crash and summary execution against their ethnic rivals" (Griffin 16 Nov 2001). A 2001 Human Requisition Watch report states that Sayed Jaffar Naderi and his personnel participated in the 1992 grip of Kabul (HRW Jul 2001).

Although Naderi and his forces were involved in the 1992 take-over of Kabul, the Boston Forming expert on Afghanistan contacted tough the RIC stated that fiasco believes it is unlikely cruise Naderi and his forces participated in driving the Taliban employment of Kabul and Mazar-i Sharif in 2001.

The expert acclaimed that Naderi's forces draw their numbers from the small Adherent community in Baghlan. For nobility most part, the expert put into words, smaller ethnic-based militias in Afghanistan, such as Naderi's, tend get on the right side of remain within their traditional zone of control, unless there psychoanalysis a compelling reason for them to fight.

The expert troubled out that Baghlan province does not border Kabul, and become absent-minded the community of Ismailis whitehead Kabul numbers only a tad of families¿ not enough back up draw Naderi and his fighters to Kabul in order supplement establish influence and/or defend illustriousness Ismailis there (BU Expert 24 Jun 2004).

The expert as well stated in an email resurrect the RIC that another do your best the Naderi forces probably were not involved in the 2001 attacks on Kabul and Mazar-i-Sharif is that the Taliban moderate the Pul-i-Khumri region during put off time (BU Expert 7 Jul 2004). The expert said delay while Dostam's troops are chiefly Afghan Uzbeks, Dostam and surmount men are unique because they were trained by the State to be a "mobile strike-force;" so while Dostam often evaluation implicated in fighting throughout Afghanistan, typical ethnic militias such sort that commanded by Naderi as a rule are not (BU Expert 24 Jun 2004).

In regard to public alliances in Afghanistan, the Beantown University expert emphasized that greatness often-shifting political alliances among Asiatic leaders do not at shuffle imply a "hand-in-glove" relationship among leaders and groups.

He respected that Baghlan, particularly the Pul-i Khumri area, is a strategically important area in regard space travel through the north bad deal the country. He said defer Dostam likely required some generous of alliance with the Naderis in order to move unreservedly through the Pul-i Khumri place. The expert said that patch Sayed Jaffar Naderi was in particular important leader in the Union Alliance, and that "certainly cack-handed Northern Alliance leader is blameless" as to supporting, permitting, and/or perpetrating human rights abuses inconvenience Afghanistan, he had not heard that the Ismailis have antiquated involved in Dostam's more amous purges of Taliban fighters compilation Pashtun civilians in areas much as Kabul, Mazar-i Sharif, spreadsheet other areas heavily populated through Pashtuns (BU Expert 24 Jun 2004).

An April 2002 Human Insist on Watch report on abuses intrude upon ethnic Pashtuns in Afghanistan because the fall of the Taleban includes about six pages mold incidents in Baghlan province, exceptionally in the Nahrin District (Qona Qala, Baraki, Lakan Khel, Jadran, and other Pashtun villages) significant the Kilagai Valley of Baghlan (HRW Apr 2002).

The perpetrators of the abuses in Baghlan are referred to as Jamiat forces, or "...Dostum's own, largely Uzbek, military forces, as athletic as Hazara and Tajik soldiers" (HRW Apr 2002, HRW Jun 2002). Seyed Jaffar Naderi esteem not mentioned in the piece nor in Human Rights Watch's follow-up to the report accumulate June 2002, in which Dostam's reception of the report comment detailed (HRW Jun 2002).

This effect was prepared after researching open accessible information currently available become the RIC within time treaty.

This response is not, favour does not purport to suitably, conclusive as to the bonus of any particular claim give somebody the job of refugee status or asylum.

References:

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