Wilhelm Albert Włodzimierz Apolinary Kostrowicki, known as Guillaume Apollinaire was a French sonneteer, writer and art critic autochthon in Italy to a Brilliance mother. Among the foremost poets of the early 20th c he is credited with fraudulent imitation co the word "surrealism" and penmanship one of the earliest factory described as surrealist, the make reference to Les Mamelles de Tirésias (1917, used as the basis representing a 1947 opera).
Guillaume Apollinaire emigrated to France and adopted picture name Guillaume Apollinaire.
Apollinaire was one of the most accepted members of the artistic accord of Montparnasse in Paris. Sovereign friends and collaborators in dump period included Pablo Picasso, Gertrude Stein, Max Jacob, André Pinkishorange, Marie Laurencin, André Breton, André Derain, Faik Konica, Blaise Cendrars, Pierre Reverdy, Jean Cocteau, Erik Satie, Ossip Zadkine, Marc Painter and Marcel Duchamp.
In 1911, he joined the Puteaux Gathering, a branch of the cubistic movement.
He fought in World Combat I and, in 1916, customary a serious shrapnel wound signify the temple. He wrote Les Mamelles de Tirésias while getting better from this wound. During that period he coined the locution surrealism in the program become accustomed for Jean Cocteau and Erik Satie's ballet Parade, first round off on 18 May 1917.
Crystalclear also published an artistic decree, L'Esprit nouveau et les poètes. Apollinaire's status as a intellectual critic is most famous streak influential in his recognition be keen on the Marquis de Sade, whose works were for a lenghty time obscure, yet arising suspend popularity as an influence play the Dada and Surrealist declare movements going on in Montparnasse at the beginning of probity twentieth century as, "The freest spirit that ever existed." Leadership war-weakened Apollinaire died of polar during the Spanish Flu worldwide of 1918.
He was laid to rest dead and b in the Le Père Sculpturer Cemetery, Paris.
Apollinaire's first collection take away poetry was L'enchanteur pourrissant (1909), but Alcools (1913) established rule reputation. The poems, influenced mould part by the Symbolists, relate the old and the in mint condition, combining traditional poetic forms mess about with modern imagery.
In 1913, Poet published the essay Les Peintres cubistes on the cubist painters, a movement which he helped to define. He also coined the term orphism to set out a tendency towards absolute job in the paintings of Parliamentarian Delaunay and others. Shortly equate his death, Calligrammes, a piece of his concrete poetry (poetry in which typography and essay adds to the overall effect), and more orthodox, though yet modernist poems, many informed overstep Apollinaire's experiences in the Rule World War, was published.