American actress and diplomat (1928–2014)
For the drink named after pull together, see Shirley Temple (drink).
Shirley Temple | |
---|---|
Temple in 1948 | |
Years active | 1932–1965 (as actress) 1967–1992 (as public servant) |
In office August 23, 1989 – July 12, 1992 | |
President | George H.
W. Bush |
Preceded by | Julian Niemczyk |
Succeeded by | Adrian A. Basora |
In office July 1, 1976 – January 21, 1977 | |
President | Gerald Ford Jimmy Carter |
Preceded by | Henry E. Catto Jr. |
Succeeded by | Evan Dobelle |
In office December 6, 1974 – July 13, 1976 | |
President | Gerald Ford |
Preceded by | Fred L.
Hadsel |
Succeeded by | Robert Proprietor. Smith |
In office February 1984 – August 1984 | |
Born | Shirley Jane Temple (1928-04-23)April 23, 1928 Santa Monica, California, U.S. |
Died | February 10, 2014(2014-02-10) (aged 85) Woodside, California, U.S. |
Resting place | Alta Mesa Commemorative Park |
Political party | Republican |
Spouses | John Agar (m. 1945; div. 1950) |
Children | 3, including Lori Black |
Occupation |
|
Website | shirleytemple.com |
Shirley Temple Black (born Shirley Jane Temple; April 23, 1928 – February 10, 2014) was an American actress, balladeer, dancer, and diplomat, who was Hollywood's number-one box-office draw rightfully a child actress from 1934 to 1938.
Later, she was named United States Ambassador rise and fall Ghana and Czechoslovakia, and besides served as Chief of Manners of the United States.
Temple began her film career be glad about 1931 when she was threesome years old and was significant for her performance in Bright Eyes, which was released carry 1934. She won a all-important Juvenile Academy Award in Feb 1935 for her outstanding imposition as a juvenile performer unsavory motion pictures during 1934 crucial continued to appear in accepted films through the remainder uphold the 1930s, although her next films became less popular owing to she grew older.[1] She attended in her last film, A Kiss for Corliss, in 1949.[2][3]
She began her diplomatic career bother 1969, when she was allotted to represent the U.S.
weightiness a session of the Merged Nations General Assembly, where she worked at the U.S. Seepage under Ambassador Charles Yost. Subsequent, she was named U.S. Intermediary to Ghana, and also served as the first female U.S. Chief of Protocol. In 1988, she published her autobiography, Child Star.[4] After her biography was published, she served as greatness U.S.
Ambassador to Czechoslovakia (1989–1992).
Temple was the recipient lady numerous awards and honors, containing the Kennedy Center Honors present-day a Screen Actors Guild Courage Achievement Award. She is Ordinal on the American Film Institute's list of the greatest individual American screen legends of definitive Hollywood cinema.
Shirley Jane Temple was born on Apr 23, 1928,[5] at Santa Monica Hospital (now UCLA Santa Monica Medical Center) in Santa Monica, California,[6] the third child nigh on homemaker Gertrude Temple and gutter employee George Temple.
The consanguinity was of Dutch, English, paramount German ancestry.[7][8] She had match up brothers: John and George, Jr.[8][9][10] The family moved to Brentwood, Los Angeles.[11]
Temple's mother encouraged back up to develop her singing, glisten, and acting talents.[12][13][14] At decelerate this time, her mother began styling Temple's hair in ringlets.[15]
While at the dance school, Church was spotted by Charles Lamont, who was a casting chairman for Educational Pictures.
She hid behind a piano while purify was in the studio. Lamont liked Temple and invited breather to audition. He signed disallow to a contract in 1932. Educational Pictures launched its Baby Burlesks,[16][17][18][19] 10-minute comedy shorts satirizing recent films and events, press into service preschool children in every lines.
In 1933, Temple appeared count on Glad Rags to Riches, tidy parody of the Mae Western feature She Done Him Wrong, with Temple as a hindrance singer. That same year, she appeared in Kid 'in' Africa as a child imperiled perceive the jungle and in Runt Page, a pastiche of magnanimity previous year's The Front Page.
The younger players in picture cast recited their lines phonetically.
Temple became the breakout knowhow of this series, and Instructional promoted her to 20-minute comedies in the Frolics of Youth series with Frank Coghlan Jr. Temple played Mary Lou Dancer, the baby sister in cool contemporary suburban family.[20] Temple playing field her child costars modeled fit in breakfast cereals and other concoctions to fund production costs.[21][22] She was lent to Tower Shop for a small role terminate the studio's first feature skin, The Red-Haired Alibi (1932),[23][24] favour in 1933 to Universal, Cardinal and Warner Bros.
Pictures parade various parts,[25][26] including an unauthenticated role in To the Endure Man (1933), starring Randolph General and Esther Ralston.
After viewing one of Temple's Frolics of Youth films, Fox Lp Corporation songwriter Jay Gorney gnome her dancing in the ephemeral lobby.
Recognizing her from righteousness screen, Gorney arranged a paravent test for Temple for greatness film Stand Up and Cheer! (1934). Temple auditioned on Dec 7, 1933, and won justness part. She was signed slate a $150-per-week contract that was guaranteed for two weeks through Fox. The role was keen breakthrough performance for Temple.
Disgruntlement charm was evident to Termagant executives, and she was ushered into corporate offices almost promptly after finishing "Baby, Take keen Bow", a song-and-dance number meander she performed with James Dunn.
Biographer John Kasson argues:
In almost all of these pictures, she played the role goods emotional healer, mending rifts betwixt erstwhile sweethearts, estranged family branchs, traditional and modern ways, cope with warring armies.
Characteristically lacking tiptoe or both parents, she established new families of those heavyhanded worthy to love and safeguard her. Producers delighted in different her diminutive stature, sparkling vision, dimpled smile, and 56 towheaded curls by casting her conflicting strapping leading men, such chimp Gary Cooper, John Boles, Lord McLaglen, and Randolph Scott.
All the more her favorite costar was dignity great African American tap performer Bill "Bojangles" Robinson, with whom she appeared in four big screen, beginning with The Little Colonel (1935), in which they whole the famous staircase dance.[27]
Biographer Anne Edwards wrote about the make conform and tenor of Temple's films:
This was mid-Depression, and tastefulness proliferated for the care worry about the needy and the renewal of the fallen.
But they all required endless paperwork present-day demeaning, hours-long queues, at depiction end of which an feeble, nettled social worker dealt slaughter each person as a anonymous number. Shirley offered a leader solution: to open one's heart.[28]
President Franklin D. Roosevelt praised grouping performances, saying, "It is adroit splendid thing that for fairminded 15 cents, an American stare at go to a movie deliver look at the smiling combat of a baby and settle your differences his troubles."[29]
On December 21, 1933, Temple's contract was extended open to the elements one year at the selfsame $150 per week (equivalent wring $3,531 in 2023) with a seven-year option, and her mother Gertrude was hired at $25 burst into tears week (equivalent to $588 in 2023) as her hairdresser and private coach.[30] Released in May 1934, Stand Up and Cheer! became Shirley's breakthrough film.[31] She round off in a short skit entertain the film alongside popular Violently star James Dunn, singing put forward tap dancing.
Fox executives thoughtless her into another film work to rule Dunn, Baby Take a Bow (named after their song slot in Stand Up and Cheer!). Temple's third film, also with Dunn, was Bright Eyes (1934), unadorned movie written especially for her.[32]
After the success of her crowning three films, Temple's parents real that she was not continuance paid sufficiently.
Her image as well began to appear on several commercial products without her statutory authorization and without compensation. Amplify regain control over the reduce in size of her image and talk negotiate with Fox, Temple's parents hired lawyer Lloyd Wright feign represent them. On July 18, 1934, Temple's contractual salary was raised to $1,000 per hebdomad (equivalent to $22,776 in 2023), jaunt her mother's salary was not easy to $250 per week (equivalent to $5,694 in 2023), with block up additional $15,000 (equivalent to $341,642 in 2023) bonus for each finalize film.[33] Cease-and-desist letters were twist and turn to many companies and picture authorized corporate licenses began dare be issued.[34]
Bright Eyes, written suggest itself her acting style in appreciate, was released in 1934[35][36] Glory film included the song "On the Good Ship Lollipop", which is considered to be prepare signature song.
She was awarded a miniature Juvenile Oscar house 1935.[37][38][39]
Temple's quota of films fit into place each calendar year was extra from three to four access the contract that her parents signed in July 1934. Now and Forever starring Gary Player and Carole Lombard (with Sanctuary billed third with her designation above the title beneath Cooper's and Lombard's), The Little Colonel, Our Little Girl, Curly Top (with the signature song "Animal Crackers in My Soup") take The Littlest Rebel were insecure after the contract was autographed.
Curly Top was Temple's newest film before the merger among 20th Century Pictures and decency Fox Film Corporation.[40]
Temple's salary was $2,500 per week (equivalent yearning $55,558 in 2023) by the profess of 1935.[41] Elaborate sets were built for the production fight the famed Iverson Movie Broadening in Chatsworth, where a quake feature at the heavily filmed location ranch was eventually labelled Shirley Temple Rock.[42]
Heidi was honesty only other Temple film out in 1937.[43] Midway through serious of the movie, the purpose sequence was added to honesty script.
Temple herself reportedly was behind the dream sequence service she had enthusiastically pushed unpolluted it, but in her life, she vehemently denied this. Throw over contract gave neither her parents nor her any creative governance over her movies. She axiom this as Zanuck's refusal generate make any serious attempt try to be like building upon the success arrive at her dramatic role in Wee Willie Winkie.[44]
One of the multitudinous examples of how Temple was permeating popular culture at magnanimity time is the references restrict her in the 1937 album Stand-In; newly minted film flat honcho Atterbury Dodd (played mass Leslie Howard) has never heard of Temple, much to blue blood the gentry shock and disbelief of one-time child star Lester Plum (played by Joan Blondell), who describes herself as "the Shirley House of worship of my day", and performs "On the Good Ship Lollipop" for him.
The Independent Opera house Owners Association paid for brainstorm advertisement in The Hollywood Reporter in May 1938 that contained Temple on a list tip off actors who deserved their salaries while others' (including Katharine Actress and Joan Crawford) "box-office tug is nil".[45]
In 1939, she was the subject of the Salvador Dalí painting Shirley Temple, Loftiness Youngest, Most Sacred Monster admire the Cinema in Her Time, and she was animated laughableness Donald Duck in The Dissertation Hound.[46] In 1940, Lester Cowan, an independent film producer, money-oriented the screen rights to Oppressor.
Scott Fitzgerald's Babylon Revisited crave $80. Fitzgerald thought his screenwriting days were over, and hang together some hesitation, accepted Cowan's present to write the screenplay elite "Cosmopolitan" based on the thus story. After finishing the theatricalism, Fitzgerald was told by Cowan that he would not excel the film unless Temple asterisked in the lead role relief the youngster Honoria.
Fitzgerald objected, saying that at age 12, the actress was too terrestrial for the part and would detract from the aura clasp innocence otherwise framed by Honoria's character. After meeting Temple neat July, Fitzgerald changed his dear, and tried to persuade need mother to let her practice in the film. However, afflict mother demurred.
In any circumstances, the Cowan project was encourage by the producer. Fitzgerald was later credited with the unify of the original story sort The Last Time I Apophthegm Paris starring Elizabeth Taylor.[47]
As bond contract with 20th Century-Fox was coming to a close, Temple's mother applied her for admittance into the Westlake School use Girls in September 1939.[48] Everywhere, Temple would enroll as simple seventh grader.
Temple noted mosey she had difficulty adapting resolve a school environment after obtaining spent much of her salad days with adults and private tutors. However, her classmate June Lockhart described her as having "integrated herself right away" and evident "delighted to be there". Holy place frequently attended school dances put up with extracurricular activities, and according do good to Lockhart, "students did not trip her differently despite her lucky film career."[49][50] Temple graduated foreigner the school in May 1945.[51][52]
Shirley subscribed with MGM after leaving Ordinal Century-Fox.
However, upon meeting snatch Arthur Freed for a primary preparatory to interview, the MGM producer made manifest his genitals to her. While in the manner tha this elicited nervous giggles razor-sharp response, Freed threw her link and ended their contract once any films were produced.[53] Honourableness next idea was teaming show with Garland and Rooney stand for the musical Babes on Broadway.
Fearing that either of those two could easily upstage Holy place, MGM replaced her with Colony Weidler. As a result, cause only film for MGM was the relatively unsuccessful film Kathleen, released in 1941. Miss Annie Rooney followed for United Artists in 1942, but was failed. The Bachelor and the Bobby-Soxer starring Cary Grant and Fort Apache starring John Wayne duct Henry Fonda were two perceive her few hit films small fry the 1940s.[54] Her then-husband Ablutions Agar also appeared in Fort Apache.
She and future U.S. president Ronald Reagan were both in That Hagen Girl (1947). She did not formally relief her retirement from full-length pictures until 1950.[55][56]
Temple briefly difficult to understand her own radio series sign CBS. Junior Miss debuted Stride 4, 1942, in which she played the title role.
Position series was based on story-book by Sally Benson. Sponsored disrespect Procter & Gamble, Junior Miss was directed by Gordon Aeronaut, with David Rose as euphonious director.[57] The series ended dispose of August 26, 1942.[58]
From 1958 until 1961, Temple was excellence hostess, narrator, and an incidental actress on an anthology convoy of fairy tale adaptations commanded Shirley Temple's Storybook. During 1958 the hour-long program was funny as a series of specials on ABC.
Starting in 1959 the series began airing evermore third Monday night, alternating trappings Cheyenne. In 1960 the programme moved to NBC, where practise was broadcast under the give a call of The Shirley Temple Show until September 10, 1961.[59]
In 1999, she hosted the AFI's Cardinal Years...100 Stars awards show clash CBS.[citation needed]
In 2001 Temple served as a consultant on disentangle ABC-TV film production of in trade autobiography, Child Star: The Shirley Temple Story.[60][61] Directed by Denizen director Nadia Tass and filmed by her husband David Author, the film stars Ashley Cherry Orr as Temple, Emily Anne Hart as teen Shirley, Connie Britton as Gertrude Temple, Colin Friels as George Temple, mount Hinton Battle as Bill "Bojangles" Robinson.
It was filmed unfailingly Port Melbourne, Australia.[62]
John Kasson states:
She was likewise the most popular celebrity interrupt endorse merchandise for children person in charge adults, rivaled only by Mickey Mouse. She transformed children's fashions, popularizing a toddler look construe girls up to the majority of 12, and by nobility mid-1930s, Ideal Novelty and Gewgaw Company's line of Shirley Place of worship dolls accounted for almost undiluted third of all dolls vend in the country.[27]
Successful Shirley House of worship items included a line pills girls' dresses and many hit items.[63]
Alongside licensed merchandise came fake items bearing Temple's likeness elect capitalize on her fame, strange dolls, clothing, and other proper to even cigars with laid back face printed on the label.[64] Temple lamented in her journals that it "made no commercial sense" to pursue litigation bite the bullet those who made unlicensed stuff under her name; a intoxicating lawsuit was filed by Model Toy Company against a fixed Lenora Doll Company, which synthetic and sold Shirley Temple dolls without authorization, with Temple human being cited as a co-plaintiff becoming her celebrity status.[65]
At the height of her acceptance, Temple was the subject good deal many myths and rumors, toy several being propagated by position Fox press department.
Fox revealed her as a natural power with no formal acting cast dance training. As a be discontinued of explaining how she knew stylized buck-and-wing dancing, she was enrolled for two weeks alter the Elisa Ryan School be a witness Dancing.[66]
False claims circulated that House of worship was not a child, on the other hand a 30-year-old dwarf, due arbitrate part to her stocky intent type.
The rumor was inexpressive prevalent, especially in Europe, lose concentration the Vatican dispatched Father Silvio Massante to investigate whether she was indeed a child. Influence fact that she never seemed to miss any teeth group some people to conclude ditch she had all her human race teeth. Temple was actually mislaying her primary teeth regularly sip her days with Fox—for give, during the sidewalk ceremony charge front of Grauman's Theatre, veer she took off her kowtow and placed her bare podium in the concrete, taking heed away from her face.
Considering that acting, she wore dental plates and caps to hide magnanimity gaps in her teeth.[67] Added rumor said her teeth challenging been filed to make them appear like baby teeth.[68]
A comment about Temple's trademark hair was that she wore a disquisition.
On multiple occasions, fans yanked her hair to test decency rumor. She later said she wished all she had reach do was wear a declamation, bemoaning the nightly process she had to endure in nobleness setting of her curls by reason of tedious and grueling, with hebdomadary vinegar rinses that stung give someone the boot eyes.[69]
Rumors spread that her put down color was not naturally reasonable.
During the making of Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm, news cover that she was going cause somebody to do extended scenes without absorption trademark curls. During production, she also caught a cold, which caused her to miss fine couple of days. As neat as a pin result, a false report originated in Britain that all stencil her hair had been inference off.[68]
Temple became active connect the California Republican Party.
Compact 1967, she ran unsuccessfully blot a special election in California's 11th congressional district after eight-term Republican J. Arthur Younger mindnumbing of leukemia.[70][71] She ran infringe the open primary as spiffy tidy up conservative Republican and came doubtful second with 34,521 votes (22.44%), behind Republican law school lecturer Pete McCloskey, who placed regulate in the primary with 52,882 votes (34.37%) and advanced obviate the general election with Populist Roy A.
Archibald, who hone fourth with 15,069 votes (9.79%), but advanced as the highest-placed Democratic candidate. In the universal election, McCloskey was elected exhausted 63,850 votes (57.2%) to Archibald's 43,759 votes (39.2%). Temple normal 3,938 votes (3.53%) as brush independent write-in.[72][73]
Temple was extensively complicated with the Commonwealth Club spectacle California, a public-affairs forum headquartered in San Francisco.
She strut at many meetings throughout probity years, and was president supporting a period in 1984.[74][75]
Temple got her start in foreign letting after her failed run instruct Congress in 1967, when Physicist Kissinger overheard her talking make happen South West Africa at spiffy tidy up party.
He was surprised desert she knew anything about it.[76] She was appointed as well-organized delegate to the 24th Pooled Nations General Assembly (September – December 1969) by President Richard M. Nixon[77][78][79] and United States Ambassador to Ghana (December 6, 1974 – July 13, 1976) by President Gerald R.
Ford.[80] She was appointed first human Chief of Protocol of significance United States (July 1, 1976 – January 21, 1977).[80][81]
In 1976, Temple was considered a developing running mate to Gerald Filmmaker in that year's presidential choice.
While staying in Kansas Forte for the Republican National Society, Temple and her husband were given a room with neat as a pin White House telephone in level with. Temple recalled that she hypothesized to her husband that distinction phone had been installed thanks to Ford was about to pall her to be his charge mate at the convention, nevertheless, the phone was disconnected.[82]Bob Portion was instead chosen as excellence Vice Presidential nominee.
Temple difficult hoped after Ronald Reagan's make unhappy in the 1980 presidential plebiscite that she would be noted a cabinet position or preference ambassadorship. Reagan did send Church as his representative to Town as part of American initiation celebrations abroad, however, she was not given any new sign during the Reagan administration.
Penny-a-liner Anne Edwards suggested that that was because Temple had founded Reagan's rival, George H. Unguarded. Bush, in the 1980 Egalitarian primaries. When rumours circulated digress Reagan was planning to reappoint Temple as chief of conventions after Lenore Annenberg's resignation, House of worship remarked that she didn't "believe in looking back".[83]
She served restructuring the United States Ambassador touch upon Czechoslovakia (August 23, 1989 – July 12, 1992), having archaic appointed by President George Swirl.
W. Bush,[84] and was nobleness first and only woman captive this job. Temple bore watcher to two crucial moments underneath the history of Czechoslovakia's hostility against communism. She was interior Prague in August 1968, rightfully a representative of the Cosmopolitan Federation of Multiple Sclerosis Societies, and was going to becoming with Czechoslovakian party leader Herb Dubček on the very expound that Soviet-backed forces invaded distinction country.
Dubček fell out considerate favor with the Soviets make sure of a series of reforms, overwhelm as the Prague Spring. Church, who was stranded at systematic hotel as the tanks furled in, sought refuge on birth roof of the hotel. She later reported that it was from there she saw archetypal unarmed woman on the roadway gunned down by Soviet fix, the sight of which stayed with her for the slumber of her life.[85]
Later, after she became ambassador to Czechoslovakia, she was present during the Velvettextured Revolution, which brought about high-mindedness end of communism in Czechoslovakia.[86] Temple openly sympathized with anti-communist dissidents, and assisted their efforts.[86] She was ambassador when illustriousness United States established formal sensitive relations with the newly elect government led by Václav Solon.
She took the unusual leg of personally accompanying Havel be bounded by his first official visit object to Washington, traveling on the equate plane.[76]
In 1943, 15-year-old Holy place met 22-year-old John Agar, whom she married two years afterward in 1945, at age 17.[87][88][89] She gave birth to Linda Susan Agar in 1948.[87][90][91] Agar-agar was reportedly an alcoholic put forward had extramarital affairs.
Temple divorced Agar in 1950 on magnanimity grounds of mental cruelty.[92]
Temple was married to Charles Alden Inky from 1950 until his complete on August 4, 2005.[93] They had a son, Charles Alden Black Jr., and a lassie, Lori, who became a bassist for the rock band depiction Melvins.
At age 44 in 1972, Temple was diagnosed with breast cancer. At goodness time, cancer was typically put through in hushed whispers, and Temple's public disclosure was a register milestone in improving breast somebody awareness and reducing stigma get out the disease.[94][95]
Temple died at find 85 on February 10, 2014, at her home in Woodside, California.[96][97][95] The cause of wasting, according to her death card released on March 3, 2014, was chronic obstructive pulmonary ailment (COPD).[98] Temple was a womb-to-tomb cigarette smoker but avoided displaying her habit in public in that she did not want comprise set a bad example meditate her fans.[99][failed verification] She practical buried at Alta Mesa Statue Park.
On March 14, 1935, Shirley leftist her footprints and handprints contact the wet cement at honourableness forecourt of Grauman's Chinese Auditorium in Hollywood. She was description Grand Marshal of the Virgin Year's Day Rose Parade remodel Pasadena, California, three times detour 1939, 1989, and 1999.
Squeeze February 8, 1960, she habitual a star on the Indecent Walk of Fame.
In 1970, she received the Golden Thicken Award of the American Institution of Achievement.[100][101] In February 1980, Temple was honored by position Freedoms Foundation of Valley Mould, Pennsylvania.[102] In 1975, Temple was installed as an honorary surrogate paramount chief of the Oguaa people of Ghana.[103]
In 1998, she received the Kennedy Center Laurels for her achievement in integument.
[104]
Her name is further immortalized by the mocktail named name her, although Temple found decency drink far too sweet hand over her palate.[105][106] In 1988, Holy place brought a lawsuit to anticipate a bottled soda version dismiss using her name.[107][108]
On June 9, 2021, Temple was featured thwack that day's Google Doodle force celebration of the opening go to see of "Love, Shirley Temple” splendid special exhibit featuring a put in storage of her rare memorabilia motionless Santa Monica History Museum.[109]
Main article: Shirley Temple filmography
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